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Norb Studelska

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At the end of the war, Norb Studelska's unit set an ambush for a German unit moving nearby, but he couldn't pull the trigger. The man was kneeling and had his arm over his face. (4:24)

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In 1943, new recruit Norb Studelska decided to go the extra mile and became a Paratrooper. In jump school he appreciated that, "They pounded us until we were practically dead." He knew it would do him a lot of good. (5:33)

Norbert Friedman

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Norbert Friedman was born into a traditional Jewish Family in Krakow, Poland. It was a large and loving family which was disrupted when the German Army invaded. When the bombs began to fall, there was a family meeting. What to do with our young men? (5:28)

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Norbert Friedman was aware of what was happening to Jews in Germany. As conditions worsened in the Krakow ghetto, he and his family decided to flee to smaller and smaller towns. Eventually, even the tiny village where they were hiding was encircled by German troops and all the Jews rounded up. The men were told if they volunteered for a labor camp, their families would be spared, but this was a lie. (6:15)

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When he got to the labor camp, Norbert Friedman found a little community inside, with people from all over. His father and two uncles were with him, not yet aware that all their relatives had already been subjected to the Final Solution. After some bad work assignments, he was fortunate to get a skilled job in a testing lab. (8:34)

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After two years in a forced labor camp in his native Poland, Norbert Friedman was sent to a series of different camps, most in Germany. On the transport to the second one, the Jewish prisoners were crammed into cattle cars and given no food or water on the four day journey. At the camp, they were forced to strip and went into showers. (5:05)

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Dachau was just one of many forced labor camps for Norbert Friedman. One of the first built, it was worked by German political prisoners. At the next subcamp, Augsburg, it was "Gypsies." Along with his father and two uncles, he was fortunate to be classified as skilled labor, which was in high demand at German aircraft plants. (10:02)

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The Augsburg concentration camp was different. For the first time at any camp, there were Russians. It was there that Jewish prisoner Norbert Friedman witnessed the first act of rebellion he had seen when three condemned Russians stunned their executioners with their bravery. (5:19)

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Because of fierce Allied bombing, an Autobahn tunnel had been converted to an aircraft factory where fuselages for the Me-262 were made. Norbert Friedman was a Jewish prisoner who was forced to labor at the plant. It was there that he received a savage beating for not responding to an air raid. (6:23)

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Norbert Friedman was watching a group of arriving prisoners at the Leonburg concentration camp when he spotted an old friend from Krakow. They stuck together from there through to the last camp, when they were suddenly put on the road in a death march. His friend, Oscar, was sick and wasn't going to make it. They came up with a desperate plan to save him. (4:53)